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The Spiritual Baptist (or Shouter Baptist) faith is a syncretic Afro-American religion which combines elements of traditional African religion with Christianity. Despite the African influences, Spiritual Baptists consider themselves to be Christians. The Baptist faith was brought to Trinidad by the "Merikens", former American slaves who were recruited by the British to fight, as the Corps of Colonial Marines, against the Americans during the War of 1812. After the end of the war, these ex-slaves were settled in Trinidad, to the east of the Mission of Savannah Grande (now known as Princes Town) in six villages, since then called The Company Villages.〔Weiss, John McNish (2002). The Merikens: Free Black American Settlers in Trinidad, 1815-16〕〔Hackshaw, John M. n.d. (ca. 1991). The Baptist Denomination: A Concise History Commemorating One Hundred and Seventy-Five Years (1816–1991) of the Establishment of the ‘Company Villages’ and the BAPTIST FAITH in Trinidad and Tobago. Amphy and Bashana Jackson Memorial Society.〕 These American settlers brought with them the Baptist faith of the Second Great Awakening combined with, in the case of those from Georgia, the Gullah culture. With the coming of missionaries of the Baptist Missionary Society from Great Britain, the Baptist faith in the Company Villages was much affected, but despite the ensuing schism between the so-called London Baptists and the rest, the Baptist congregations of the Company Villages, even including those with Gullah origins, retained so little visible African influence in their practice that John Hackshaw was able to give a different view of the Baptists in the north of the country: The faith expanded to Barbados in 1957 as the Sons of God Apostolic Spiritual Baptists movement.〔(Barbadians )〕 It now ranks as one of two indigenous religions in the country, the other being the Rastafari religion.〔(Rastafarianism in Barbados )〕 Archbishop Granville Williams who was born Barbados, lived in Trinidad and Tobago for sixteen years where he witnessed the local Spiritual Baptists. Williams became enthusiastic about the Trinidadian movement where he asserted to have seen a vision and heard the voice of God. Upon returning to Barbados he held the first open-air meeting in Oistins, Christ Church. Due to a well received response in Barbados, he quickly established the Jerusalem Apostolic Spiritual Baptist Church in Earling Grove. This church was quickly followed by Zion at Richmond Gap. As of 1999 the following in Barbados reached around 1,900 and the Jerusalem church has been rebuilt to seat 3,000. ==Name== The name ''Shouter'' derives from the fact that when the Baptists "catch the Spirit", they clap and shout, making a loud noise that, especially during open air services, some in the general public may object to. "Shouter" is seen as a derogatory term by many modern day Baptists on the island, seeing as it was first originally imposed upon them by the mainstream, the British colonial government. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spiritual Baptist」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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